To say that the film “The Princess Bride” is a fairy tale to begin with will automatically make one jump to the following conclusions:
- It will begin with “Once upon a time…”
- There will be a definite hero or heroine.
- There will be a definite villain or beast.
- There will be royalty or a castle in the story.
- There will be a good vs. evil theme.
- There will be magic.
- There will be a problem.
- There will be a solution.
- It will end with “…and they lived happily ever after.”
But a note on the DVD box for the film reads, “Not just your basic, average, everyday, ordinary, run-of-the-mill, ho-hum fairy tale.” My understanding of the definition given by Bruner of particularity is “that which is unique in an otherwise generic story.” This comment on the box led me to believe that this film would be a good one to review for this feature of narrative.
This movie is based on William Goldman’s novel of the same name. The story begins as a book read by a grandfather to his ill grandson. The grandson is more interested in his video games, until the grandfather assures him that the book has much more to deliver than a simpering love story, including but not limited to fencing, fighting, torture, death, true love, giants, and pirates. The Princess Bride tells the story of a stable boy-turned-pirate Westley and his journey to rescue his true love Buttercup away from the evil prince whom she had agreed to marry five years after learning of what she had believed to be news of Westley’s death. With help from the prince’s disgruntled former employee Miracle Max, out-for-revenge swordsman Inigo Montoya, and a giant, Buttercup and Westley are reunited.
As we can see from the synopsis, all of the expected elements of a generic fairy tale appear to exist. Although the story is framed by the grandfather and grandson, the story that the grandfather reads begins with “Once upon a time…” The definite heroine in the story is Buttercup. The definite hero is Westley. The definite villain is the prince, but the three kidnappers are somewhat villains too, at least for a while. There is royalty and a castle. There is a strong good vs. evil theme. Magic is used to bring Westley back to life. The problem is that Buttercup and Westley have been separated. The solution gets them back together. And the story ends with “…and they lived happily ever after.”
But “The Princess Bride” goes beyond the expected elements and has many instances of particularities throughout the film. Although in general this film appears to be a “boy-gets-girl” type of narrative, there are many other stories that are also occurring throughout the film. There’s a “bully-gets-his-comeuppance” storyline, a “good guy is actually bad guy” storyline, and the frame story of the ill grandson and his storytelling grandfather. The fact that there are multiple narratives occurring within the story is the first example of particularity for this film. By having multiple stories taking place at the same time, one is drawn into all of the stories.
One of the particularities of the film is the requirement that the multiple stories must intersect in order for each of them to reach their conclusions. The first example of this is the “bully-gets-his-comeuppance” storyline. Inigo Montoya is a swordsman out to avenge his father’s death. All he knows was that his father was killed by a “six-fingered man”. The six-fingered man turns out to be the Prince’s Count, and through his involvement in the “boy-gets-girl” storyline, Inigo has his opportunity to exact the revenge he has so been seeking. Another example of this particularity as a requirement in the film is shown in the scene with Miracle Max and his wife. If Max had not previously had issues with the Prince, his wife wouldn’t have been able to convince him to bring Westley back from “mostly dead” and the “boy-gets-girl” storyline could not have concluded in the appropriate fairy-tale ending.
Another particularity evident in the film is the idea of a character appearing to be a “good guy” but actually being a villain, and of a villain who is in actuality is a “good guy”. The former is seen first in the Prince’s character. In Buttercup’s eyes, he has saved her from the kidnapping, and sent Westley messages in order for him to return to claim her before her forced wedding. In reality, however, the Prince has Westley locked up and being tortured. The prince is also responsible for her kidnapping, as he wants to start a war between two countries, but Buttercup is not aware of this aspect of his character. On the other hand, her love Westley, a stable boy from her youth, has supposedly been killed by the Dread Pirate Roberts. When the Dread Pirate Roberts kidnaps her from the three kidnappers, she believes that he is evil and had killed her true love. However, at one point, she pushes him down a gorge and he shouts the same three words that Westley had always said to her, and she realizes that the pirate is actually Westley. This part of the story shows the latter idea of this particularity in the film. Another showing of this idea is in the change in the swordsman and giant characters. Although in the beginning they are villains, they dynamically become involved in the plot to get Westley back together with Buttercup and end up being “good guys” in the end.
I believe that all of the uses of particularity throughout this film absolutely enhance the narrative of the film. Without the multiple storylines, this story would be a relatively generic fairy tale, and may not hold the attention of its viewers. Without those multiple storylines intersecting at various points throughout the film, the viewer might not understand how each story really impacted the others. As it is, however, “The Princess Bride” is everything a fairy tale should be, and more.